2023 09 14
Table of Contents:
GS Paper 2:
- Fraternity in the Indian Constitution
- Parliament’s 75-year journey
GS Paper 3:
- 2023 World Trade Report: Re-globalization
Content for Mains Enrichment
- Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR)
Facts for Prelims (FFP)
- Salem sago
- Eastern Maritime Corridor (EMC)
- VVPAT
- iGOT Karmayogi Platform
- AYUSHMAN BHAV CAMPAIGN
- Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY)
- arXiv
- Nipah Virus
- National Green Tribunal
Mapping
- Harami Nala (Sir Creek, Gujarat)
- Nyoma Airfield (Eastern Ladakh)
Fraternity in the Indian Constitution
GS Paper 2
Syllabus: Indian Constitution
Source: IE
Context: The article discusses how the concept of fraternity in India, as enshrined in the Constitution, differs significantly from its historical and philosophical origins.
We published an article on a similar theme in April Daily CA: The concept of fraternity
What is Fraternity?
According to Dr. Ambedkar “Fraternity means a sense of common brotherhood of all Indians — of Indians being one people. It is the principle which gives unity and solidarity to social life,”.
No one should treat a fellow citizen as inferior. While the morals of the Preamble like– Justice, Equality, and Liberty have been explicitly and implicitly ensured through Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and other constitutional provisions, this is not the case with Fraternity.
More about Fraternity:
| Aspect | Description |
| Political Philosophy Roots | Fraternity is deeply embedded in political philosophy, emphasizing empowerment and emancipation in politics. It’s a fundamental element of liberal political thought, alongside liberty and equality. |
| Ancient Origins | The concept traces back to Plato, who introduced it as “philia” (love) involving the sharing of knowledge, and deepening friendships. Aristotle later associated it with justice and friendship within the “polis,” marking its early political foundations. |
| Historical Evolution | Throughout the Middle Ages, fraternity found resonance within Christianity in Europe. It gained significant political prominence during the French Revolution, notably with the famous slogan “liberté, égalité, fraternité.” |
| Fraternity in India | Fraternity was underscored during India’s struggle for independence and is enshrined as a vital constitutional principle. |
Fraternity’s Significance in India’s Independence:
- Foundational Role: Liberty, equality, and fraternity were pivotal ideals during India’s independence struggle and the establishment of its constitutional democracy. They provided guidance to a diverse society transitioning into an independent republic.
- Ambedkar’s Emphasis: Ambedkar emphasized the inseparability of liberty, equality, and fraternity. He recognized the fraternity’s crucial role in India’s diverse and divided society.
- Demand: It became an official demand of the Indian National Congress in 1935 and was officially adopted in the Lucknow session in April 1936 presided by Jawaharlal Nehru, who also drafted the Objectives Resolution.
Constitutional Provisions:
| Constitutional Provision | Description |
| Preamble | The Preamble of the Indian Constitution mentions fraternity as one of its objectives. It ends with “…and to promote among them all fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation.” |
| Directive Principles of State Policy | Article 38: The state shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting a social order that fosters fraternity among the citizens. |
| Fundamental Duties | Article 51A(e): The duty of every citizen to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and regional diversities |
Fraternity meaning in the constitution:
| Meaning | Description |
| Signifies moral obligation | Fraternity in the Constitution implies a moral obligation to treat fellow human beings justly and respectfully, prioritizing social cohesion over individual identity. Acharya Kripalani pointed out that the contents of the Preamble were not only legal and political principles but also had moral, spiritual and mystical content. |
| Pillar of constitutional morality | It is one of the four pillars of constitutional morality as stated in the Preamble, alongside justice, liberty, and equality |
| Affirming the dignity of the individual | Fraternity in the Constitution affirms the dignity of the individual by recognizing moral equality and mutual respect among individuals despite differences in religious beliefs, caste, language, culture, ethnicity, class, and gender. |
Challenges in Achieving Fraternity:
| Challenges | Description |
| Social and Cultural Differences | Differences based on religion or caste may result in mistrust, discrimination, and violence. |
| Economic Disparities | Economic disparities can lead to a breakdown in social cohesion, a key aspect of fraternity |
| Political Differences | Polarization along political lines can foster hostility and intolerance, hindering common goals. |
| Lack of Trust | A lack of trust and mutual understanding undermines the spirit of brotherhood. |
| Failure of Constitutional Morality | Its failure can lead to a loss of confidence in institutions and the rule of law, creating instability. |
| Inadequate Moral Order | Failure in this area can erode fraternity, as unethical actions without consequences hinder trust. |
Measures to Achieve Fraternity in the Indian Context:
| Measures | Description |
| Promote Interfaith Dialogue | Encourage dialogue and understanding among diverse religious communities to build fraternity. |
| Celebrate Diversity | Embrace and celebrate India’s cultural and religious diversity to bring people closer. |
| Educate People About Constitutional Values | Educate citizens about the values enshrined in the Indian Constitution, including fraternity. |
| Encourage Volunteering | Engage people in volunteering for social causes to foster cooperation and a sense of fraternity. |
| Support Social Initiatives | Back social initiatives that promote inclusivity and equality, contributing to the fraternity. |
| Foster a Sense of National Pride | Promote patriotism and national pride to unite people, enhancing fraternity and unity. |
Conclusion
Ambedkar dreamed of an India in which divisions of caste and religion would gradually fade away in the spirit of fraternity. Therefore, investing in concepts like fraternity would save society from fragmentation.
Insta links:
Mains Links:
Discuss each adjective attached to the word ‘Republic’ in the ‘Preamble’. Are they defendable in the present circumstances? (UPSC 2016)
Prelims Links:
Which one of the following objectives is not embodied in the Preamble to the Constitution of India? (UPSC 2017)
(a) Liberty of thought
(b) Economic liberty
(c) Liberty of expression
(d) Liberty of belief
Ans: (b)
September 14, 2023 /14 Sep 2023, Fraternity, Indian constitution, Preamble, Today's Article
Parliament’s 75-year journey
GS Paper 2
Syllabus: Parliament and its functioning
Source: TH
Context: A Special Session of Parliament, scheduled from September 18 to 22, will begin with a discussion on Parliament’s 75-year journey, starting from the Constituent Assembly in 1946.
The article is in continuation of the previous article Significance and Legacy of Parliament in India’s Democracy published on 4th September in our Daily CA
Key events in the Indian Parliament’s History are:
| Year | Key Event/Act |
| 1946 | Constituent Assembly first met on December 9th. |
| 1950 | Adoption of the Indian Constitution on January 26th. |
| 1952 | First general elections were held, marking the start of democracy |
| 1956 | Adoption of the States Reorganization Act, reshaping state boundaries. |
| 1957 | Second general elections. |
| 1961 | Liberation of Goa, Daman, and Diu. |
| 1966 | Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister. |
| 1971 | Passage of the 42nd Amendment Act, altering the Preamble. |
| 1975-77 | The Emergency period was marked by suspended democracy. |
| 1984 | Operation Blue Star in Golden Temple, Amritsar. |
| 1986 | Passage of the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act |
| 1991 | Economic liberalization under Prime Minister Narasimha Rao. |
| 2005 | Passage of the Right to Information Act, 2005. |
| 2016 | Implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST). |
| 2019 | The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act of 2019 passed. The act also repealed Article 370, which gave the region its “special status” |
| 2020 | COVID-19 pandemic disrupts Parliament sessions. |
| 2023 | Inauguration of the new Parliament building |
| 2023 | Special Session to commemorate Parliament’s 75-year journey. |
The Indian Parliament has become disconnected from society and turned into a gated community:
- Nepotism in Politics: The presence of dynastic politics in Indian democracy is perpetuated not only by national parties but also by regional parties.
- The increasing criminalisation of politics: In a petition filed in Feb 2023, it was claimed that there has been an increase of 44% in the number of MPs with declared criminal cases since 2009 (ADR report).
- Wealthy politicians but poor citizens: The percentage of persons with a net worth above INR 1 crore has only been increasing over the 2 decades.
- As per reports by the Association for Democratic Reforms, there are 315 members whose net worth exceeds INR 1 crore in a 543-member Lok Sabha.
- The lower number of women parliamentarians: The % of women in Lok Sabha is less than 15% and even lower in Rajya Sabha, which stands at around 13%.
- Not inclusive: The number of Muslim MPs in 2019 has only increased by 3. There has been no representation of the transgender community in the Indian Parliament so far.
- Lack of Transparency: E.g., very short time given to scrutinize many of the bills. Several bills have been passed as money bills to limit Rajya Sabha scrutiny
- Parliament and parliamentarians are generally not accessible for ordinary citizens to interact or express grievances.
Despite these lacunas, the Indian parliament has made a substantial effort to be an inclusive institution:
| Aspect | Examples |
| Representation | The percentage of women’s representation in Lok Sabha has increased from 5% in 1951 to 14% in 2019. In the early decades, the Parliament was a stronghold of lawyers but in the past two decades, people from diverse educational backgrounds have entered the Parliament. |
| Public Debates | Citizens can watch live debates on important issues, such as budget discussions and legislative debates. |
| Parliamentary Committees | Committees like the Standing Committee on Finance analyze budgets and address economic concerns. E.g., the Parliamentary panel asked the former RBI governor to present himself before it, so as to answer questions regarding demonetization. |
| Laws for Social Welfare | Legislation like the Food Security Act 2023 and increasing reservation has helped provide representation to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in educational and public services |
| Amendments to Address Needs | Amendments to labour laws to protect workers’ rights and accommodate changing employment dynamics. |
| Public Participation | e-Petitions allow citizens to raise concerns, and petitions are addressed in the Parliament. Many of the state assemblies have completely become paperless. |
Conclusion
The Indian Parliament is a symbol of the nation’s democratic ethos. And hence, efforts to strengthen representation, accessibility and inclusivity are essential for addressing the needs and aspirations of the diverse Indian population.
Insta Links:
India’s New Parliament: Need and Significance
Mains Links:
The role of individual MPs (Members of Parliament) has diminished over the years and as a result, healthy constructive debates on policy issues are not usually witnessed. How far can this be attributed to the anti-defection law, which was legislated but with a different intention? (UPSC 2013)
Prelims Links: (UPSC 2021)
Which of the following factors constitutes the best safeguard of liberty in a liberal democracy?
- A committed judiciary
- Centralization of powers
- Elected government
- Separation of powers
Ans: 4
September 14, 2023 /14 Sep 2023, Today's Article
2023 World Trade Report: Re-globalization
GS Paper 3
Syllabus: Economy: Globalization
Source: WTO
Context: The 2023 World Trade Report, published by the WTO, explores the role of international trade in building a more secure, inclusive, and sustainable world.
Key findings of the report:
| Key Themes | Major Highlights |
| Changing Narrative | The report addresses the shift in the narrative around globalization. It emphasizes policy goals beyond trade efficiency, including peace, security, poverty reduction, and sustainability. The report advocates for “re-globalization,” expanding trade integration to more economies, people, and issues. |
| Geopolitical Shifts | Geopolitical tensions, the Ukraine conflict, and the rise of China have impacted global trade dynamics. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of resilient supply chains. |
| Reorientation of Trade | Trade is gradually aligning along geopolitical lines. Trade flows within hypothetical geopolitical “blocs” are growing faster than those between them, indicating a shift towards friend-shoring. |
| Resilience in Trade | Despite challenges, bilateral trade between China and the United States reached record highs. |
| Supply Chain | International supply chains played a vital role in responding to supply shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
| Inclusiveness | Trade integration has lifted millions out of poverty. |
| Sustainability | Trade can contribute to sustainability by providing access to green technologies. |
What is re-globalization?
Re-globalization is a concept that advocates expanding and strengthening international trade and economic integration, focusing on making globalization more inclusive, secure, and sustainable.
It emphasizes the need to address contemporary global challenges, such as geopolitical tensions, economic inequality, and climate change, through greater cooperation and trade integration among nations.
Re-globalization vs. de-globalisation:
| Aspect | Re-globalization | De-globalization |
| Focus | Expand and strengthen international trade and economic integration. | Reduce international trade and economic interdependence. |
| Goals | Make globalization more inclusive, secure, and sustainable by addressing global challenges through cooperation. | Prioritize domestic industries and reduce reliance on foreign markets. |
| Key Principles | Maintain a strong multilateral trading system, and extend trade integration to more economies, people, and issues. | Advocate protectionist measures, trade barriers, and focus on national self-sufficiency. |
| Example | Promote trade as a solution to challenges like economic inequality and climate change. | Implement tariffs, trade restrictions, and reshoring of production to prioritize domestic interests. |
The benefits of re-globalization:
- Economic Growth: Re-globalization, as seen in India during 1994-2005, can stimulate economic growth, leading to a decrease in the poverty rate.
- Poverty Alleviation: The decrease in the headcount poverty rate by around 1.5 points indicates that re-globalization can contribute to poverty alleviation by expanding economic opportunities and income distribution.
- Promoting Environmental Sustainability: Re-globalization fosters international coordination on environmental policies.
- Emission Reduction: The reallocation of resources from less efficient to more efficient firms, as observed in India between 1990 and 2010, can lead to a significant drop in emission intensity.
Role of WTO in Fostering Re-globalization:
| Role of WTO | Examples |
| Supporting Multilateral Trading Rules | Enforcing trade rules and agreements among member countries. |
| Addressing Global Challenges | Facilitating discussions on trade’s role in peace and security. Promoting policies to reduce poverty and inequality through trade. |
| Promoting Economic Security | Highlighting the importance of resilient supply chains during crises. |
| Trade Facilitation | Implementing agreements like the Trade Facilitation Agreement and the Fisheries Subsidies Agreement |
| Addressing Trade Cost Disparities | Focusing on reducing trade costs for middle- and low-income countries. |
Insta Links:
Mains Links:
What are the key areas of reform if the WTO has to survive in the present context of the ‘Trade War’, especially keeping in mind the interest of India? (UPSC 2018)
Prelims Links: (UPSC 2015)
The ‘Fortaleza Declaration’ recently in the news, is related to the affairs of:
- ASEAN
- BRICS
- OECD
- WTO
Ans: 2
September 14, 2023 /14 Sep 2023, 2023 World Trade Report, Re-globalization, Today's Article, WTO
Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR)
Content for Mains Enrichment
Source: PIB
Context: The Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA) and UNICEF jointly organized a workshop on Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR) in collaboration with the National Stock Exchange (NSE).
What is BRSR?
Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting is a framework introduced by SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) in 2021. It mandates the top 1000 listed companies in India to report their performance on various environmental, social, and governance (ESG) aspects. This framework is based on the nine principles of the National Guidelines for Responsible Business Conduct (NGRBC).
What is ESG?
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) goals are standards for ethical, sustainable business practices. They cover environmental stewardship, social responsibility towards employees and communities, and effective corporate governance, including leadership and shareholder rights.
Usage: The framework can be used in corporate governance Questions/ Environment/ Society Questions to highlight the responsibility of businesses towards society and the environment.
September 14, 2023 /14 Sep 2023, Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting, Today's Article
Salem sago
Facts for Prelims (FFP)
Source: TH
Context: The Geographical Indication (GI) tag has been granted to Salem Sago (Javvarisi), which is expected to facilitate its entry into the international market.
About Salem Sago:
- Sago (also called Sabu dana) is a pearl-white product made from raw tapiocas, appearing as small hard globules or pearls.
- Tapioca cultivation is significant in Tamil Nadu.
- Sago production originated in Salem district, which serves as the primary hub for sago production in India, initially on a cottage-scale basis.
- It is produced from wet starch powder obtained from crushed tapioca roots. The wet starch powder is used to manufacture sago, while the dry powder is utilized as a raw material in various industrial applications.
- Salem Sago has historical significance as it was used as a food source during severe droughts in the Travancore Kingdom.
Benefits of getting GI Tag:
- The GI tag is a form of legal protection for the intellectual property associated with Salem Sago.
- Additionally, products with GI tags receive special attention from the Indian government, such as free exhibition space at events organized by the Railways and Airport Authority, allowances for participation in international exhibitions, and financial support from NABARD for marketing and exporting.
September 14, 2023 /14 Sep 2023, Arts and Culture, geography, GI Tags, GS1, Salem sago, Today's Article
VVPAT
Facts for Prelims (FFP)
Source: IE
Context: A petition by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) has called for the 100% counting of Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) slips during elections as the current system fails to guarantee that votes are counted as cast.
- Currently, the Election Commission of India (ECI) mandates counting VVPAT slips in five randomly selected polling stations per Assembly constituency or segment.
- The ECI responded by stating that counting all VVPAT slips in every election would revert to manual polling methods via indirect means.
- Initially, one polling station’s VVPAT slips per Assembly constituency were counted, later increased to five stations after a Supreme Court judgment in 2019.
About VVPATs:
VVPATs are devices attached to Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) that print a paper slip with the voter’s choice, allowing voters to verify their vote.
The VVPAT concept emerged in 2010, and it was gradually introduced in elections, with 100% coverage starting in June 2017.
September 14, 2023 /(VVPAT), 14 Sep 2023, Elections., GS2, Polity, Today's Article
Eastern Maritime Corridor (EMC)
Facts for Prelims (FFP)
Source: PIB
Context: Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal has extended an invitation for an Indo-Russian Workshop on the Eastern Maritime Corridor (EMC) in Vladivostok, Russia.
What is the Eastern Maritime Corridor (EMC)?
The Eastern Maritime Corridor is a proposed sea route between Chennai, India, and Vladivostok, Russia, passing through the Sea of Japan, the South China Sea, and the Malacca Strait.
Benefits for India include:
- Significant time reduction: It shortens the transportation time by up to 16 days, making it more efficient.
- Presence in Southeast Asia: Chennai Port’s strategic location opens trade opportunities with Southeast Asian nations like Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia.
- Access to Russia’s Far East: Vladivostok Port provides access to resource-rich regions, offering opportunities in sectors like energy, mining, and technology for Indian businesses.
This initiative follows a Memorandum of Intent on the development of maritime communications exchanged between Vladivostok and Chennai in 2019.
September 14, 2023 /14 Sep 2023, Eastern Maritime Corridor (EMC), Today's Article
iGOT Karmayogi Platform
Facts for Prelims (FFP)
Source: PIB
Context: The iGOT Karmayogi Bharat platform, in partnership with NITI Aayog, has introduced a new collection dedicated to the Aspirational Blocks Programme (ABP).
- This initiative aims to enhance the competencies of 5,000 Block-level officials in 500 identified Blocks, helping them perform their duties effectively in under-served areas.
- The curated module includes ten courses covering topics such as time management, communication, leadership, sustainable development goals, problem-solving, stress management, and team building.
About iGOT Karmayogi Platform:
iGOT Karmayogi (https://igotkarmayogi.gov.in/) is a comprehensive online portal to guide government officials in their capacity-building journey. The portal combines 6 functional hubs for online learning, competency management, career management, discussions, events and networking.
September 14, 2023 /14 Sep 2023, governance, GS2, iGOT- Karmayogi platform, Today's Article
AYUSHMAN BHAV CAMPAIGN
Facts for Prelims (FFP)
Source: PIB
Context: The President of India, virtually launched the Ayushman Bhav Campaign, emphasizing its goal of ultimately achieving Universal Health Coverage.
Features:
- Successful gram panchayats will be declared as Ayushman Gram Panchayats.
- The campaign aims to facilitate access to Ayushman cards, generate ABHA IDs, and raise awareness about health schemes and diseases, with a focus on non-communicable diseases, tuberculosis, and sickle cell disease.
- It comprises three components: Ayushman – Apke Dwar 3.0, Ayushman Melas at Health and Wellness Centres, and Ayushman Sabhas in every village and panchayat.
September 14, 2023 /14 Sep 2023, AYUSHMAN BHAV CAMPAIGN, governance, GS2, schemes, Today's Article
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY)
Facts for Prelims (FFP)
Source: TH
Context: The government has extended the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY), a scheme providing LPG connections to households, to an additional 75 lakh consumers over three years from 2023-24 to 2025-26.
- The scheme’s total beneficiaries will now reach 35 crore.
September 14, 2023 /14 Sep 2023, Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY), Today's Article
arXiv
Facts for Prelims (FFP)
Source: TH
Context: Recently, critique sparked a debate about the quality and impact of research shared on the arXiv platform.
- The article discusses the role and controversies surrounding arXiv, a widely used preprint server for scientific research papers.
About ArXiv:
ArXiv was created to enable researchers in various fields, including physics, computer science, mathematics, and astronomy, to share early research findings with their peers.
It has gained immense popularity due to its speed and accessibility, as papers are shared without a lengthy peer-review process.
Issues:
- Rising, debate about the quality and impact of research on arXiv.
- Researchers were using arXiv to stake claims in research areas, leading to a culture of rushing to publish rather than asking original and meaningful questions.
Benefits:
- arXiv provides open access to research papers, making them easily accessible to students and independent researchers.
September 14, 2023 /14 Sep 2023, arXiv, GS3, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, Today's Article
Nipah Virus
Facts for Prelims (FFP)
Source: IE
Context: Nipah virus infection has re-emerged in Kerala, with two reported deaths and two individuals under treatment.
About Nipah:
- Nipah is a zoonotic disease, primarily transmitted to humans through infected animals particularly bats or contaminated food, and it can also spread from person to person through close contact.
- Symptoms include fever, headache, cough, sore throat, difficulty in breathing, and vomiting, with severe cases potentially leading to encephalitis, coma, and death.
- The virus is primarily transmitted through consumption of contaminated food or direct contact with infected animals, particularly fruit bats.
- It is highly lethal, with mortality rates ranging from 40% to 75%.
September 14, 2023 /14 Sep 2023, GS3, Nipah Virus, SCIENCE, Today's Article, Virus
Harami Nala (Sir Creek, Gujarat)
Mapping
Source: TH
Recently, Union Home Minister visited “Harami Nala” in the Sir Creek area of Kutch, Gujarat, along the India-Pakistan international border.
Harami Nala is a 22-kilometer tidal channel that serves as a natural boundary between India and Pakistan. The channel carries water and mud and is inhabited by protected marine species. Vast marshy mudflats surround it, with temperatures reaching above 50° Celsius in summer.
Sir Creek, originally Ban Ganga, is a 96-km tidal estuary in the uninhabited marshlands of the Indus River Delta on the border between India and Pakistan. The creek flows into the Arabian Sea and separates Gujarat state in India from Sindh province in Pakistan.
September 14, 2023 /14 Sep 2023, Gujarat, Harami Nala, Sir Creek, Today's Article
Nyoma Airfield (Eastern Ladakh)
Mapping
Source: HT
The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) will construct India’s highest fighter airfield in Nyoma, a village in Ladakh. The Nyoma village is located close to the south Bank of Pangong Tso at an altitude of about 13,700 feet. Nyoma is around 46 kilometres from the Line of Actual Control with China.
Also, the Construction of the Shinkun La Tunnel, the world’s highest tunnel at an altitude of 15,855 feet is set to start. The tunnel will connect Lahaul-Spiti in Himachal to the Zaskar Valley in Ladakh and provide all-weather connectivity
September 14, 2023 /14 Sep 2023, Eastern Ladakh, Nyoma airfield, Today's Article
National Green Tribunal
Facts for Prelims (FFP)
Source: TOI
Context: The National Green Tribunal (NGT) central bench has issued a ban on the operation of cruise boats in the Upper Lake (Bhoj Wetland) and other wetland sites in Madhya Pradesh
- Additionally, the NGT has prohibited any construction within the “no development zone” or “buffer zone” as defined in the Wetland Rules of 2017.
Reasons for ban:
- They operate as part of the travel, entertainment, or leisure industry and are run for profit.
- These vessels have the potential to discharge sewage and trade effluents into the water.
- The proximity of the cruise’s path to Van Vihar National Park, which falls under a “silent zone,” yet noise pollution was observed.
About National Green Tribunal:
The National Green Tribunal (NGT) is a specialized judicial body in India established to handle cases related to environmental protection and conservation. It is established under the National Green Tribunal Act, of 2010.
The primary objective of the NGT is to provide effective and expeditious solutions to environmental disputes and violations.
About the Bhoj Wetland
It is located in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, and earned its Ramsar site designation in 2002. It encompasses two man-made reservoirs, the Upper Lake (Bhojtal) and the Lower Lake.
September 14, 2023 /14 Sep 2023, ENVIRONMENT, GS3, National Green Tribunal., Today's Article